Vehicles from other countries are less likely to meet U.S. specifications. Vehicles that were not built to meet U.S. specifications must be imported as gray-market vehicles. This can be extremely expensive and time consuming. The costs for a laboratory to modify and certify the emissions and safety equipment on a gray-market vehicle are considerable. You will need to contact the California Air Resources Board for its brochure on gray-market vehicles. The ARB number to call is (800)242-4450.
You must verify the Volvo is equipped with US required emissions equipment. To do this, you must inspect the Volvo's "emissions label". This label is located on the bottom of the hood. Inspect this label and confirm it states "This vehicle is 49 state emissions legal" or This vehicle is 49 states and California emissions legal". Either of these remarks will ensure you can import it o California and pass the smog test.